全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7020篇 |
免费 | 1146篇 |
国内免费 | 609篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1977篇 |
晶体学 | 89篇 |
力学 | 1406篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 1478篇 |
物理学 | 3819篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 144篇 |
2022年 | 169篇 |
2021年 | 202篇 |
2020年 | 310篇 |
2019年 | 188篇 |
2018年 | 241篇 |
2017年 | 360篇 |
2016年 | 370篇 |
2015年 | 376篇 |
2014年 | 465篇 |
2013年 | 535篇 |
2012年 | 712篇 |
2011年 | 691篇 |
2010年 | 577篇 |
2009年 | 625篇 |
2008年 | 414篇 |
2007年 | 453篇 |
2006年 | 408篇 |
2005年 | 233篇 |
2004年 | 164篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 148篇 |
2001年 | 161篇 |
2000年 | 88篇 |
1999年 | 127篇 |
1998年 | 98篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 64篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有8775条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
Yaping Guo 《European Polymer Journal》2007,43(6):2292-2297
Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers with interconnected network-like structures were electropolymerized on stainless steel substrates by galvanostatic electrolysis. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that PANI and gels (mixtures of oligomer, dopant and aniline) form simultaneously during the electrochemical deposition. The gels play an important role in the formation of PANI nanofibers. The PANI formed in the early stage of polymerization is subject to secondary growth along one dimension, since the nucleation sites are suppressed by the wrapped gels. The dendritic degree of PANI nanofibers is related to dopants, and the order is as follows: PANI-H3PO4 > PANI-H2SO4 > PANI-HNO3. No nanofibers are obtained using CH3COOH as dopants due to the high solubility of PANI-CH3COOH. 相似文献
43.
《European Journal of Operational Research》2006,171(1):309-343
Many multiple attribute decision analysis (MADA) problems are characterised by both quantitative and qualitative attributes with various types of uncertainties. Incompleteness (or ignorance) and vagueness (or fuzziness) are among the most common uncertainties in decision analysis. The evidential reasoning (ER) approach has been developed in the 1990s and in the recent years to support the solution of MADA problems with ignorance, a kind of probabilistic uncertainty. In this paper, the ER approach is further developed to deal with MADA problems with both probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainties.In this newly developed ER approach, precise data, ignorance and fuzziness are all modelled under the unified framework of a distributed fuzzy belief structure, leading to a fuzzy belief decision matrix. A utility-based grade match method is proposed to transform both numerical data and qualitative (fuzzy) assessment information of various formats into the fuzzy belief structure. A new fuzzy ER algorithm is developed to aggregate multiple attributes using the information contained in the fuzzy belief matrix, resulting in an aggregated fuzzy distributed assessment for each alternative. Different from the existing ER algorithm that is of a recursive nature, the new fuzzy ER algorithm provides an analytical means for combining all attributes without iteration, thus providing scope and flexibility for sensitivity analysis and optimisation. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the detailed implementation process of the new ER approach and its validity and wide applicability. 相似文献
44.
45.
在MP2水平上采用6-311G基组计算了van der Waals复合物X…H2O(X=Li, Na, K)的非线性光学性质(μ, α, β), 讨论了基组效应和电子相关效应对计算结果的贡献. 在MP2/6-311++G(2df, 2pd)水平上计算得到的三个复合物分子X(X=Li, Na, K)•••H2O的非线性光学性质. 结果表明, 三种复合物分子均具有巨大的一阶超极化率, 其中最外层电子的弥散特性对一阶超极化率有很大的影响. 相似文献
46.
纳米氧化铜的制备及常温脱硫效能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用硝酸铜为原料、氢氧化钠溶液为沉淀剂、使用体积比为1∶1的乙醇-水溶液为分散剂的直接沉淀法制备,通过改变工艺条件得到了三种纳米氧化铜产品,平均粒径分别为25.63,10.74和7.57 nm。采用TG-DTA、FIR、XRD和TEM等对纳米氧化铜进行表征。对产品的常温脱硫活性进行了穿透试验,并与已开发的其他常温精脱硫产品进行了比较,结果表明纳米氧化铜应用于H2S脱硫,可在常温条件下具有优异的脱硫活性,对H2S的脱除精度可以达到0.05 mg·m-3以下。经过优选,产品在3 000 h-1空速下穿透硫容达到25.3%,高于同类型的其他脱硫剂产品。 相似文献
47.
电镀烧结法制备Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4电极的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O4 electrode has been prepared by the electroplate-sinter method. The effect of SbCl3 adding amount and sintering temperature on its electrode lifetime and oxygen evolution potential were investigated by means of EDX, SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that the electrode appeared the best performance when the SbCl3 adding amounts was 0.2g and the sintering temperature was 550℃. In optimized conditions Ti substrate was entirely covered by SnO2-Sb2O4 and the combinations among them were tight. Due to the use of electroplate method, the electrical conductivity, the oxygen evolution potential and the electrode lifetime were increased, so the elec-tro-catalytic activity and the electrochemical stability of the prepared electrode were found to be superior. 相似文献
48.
Supermolecular compounds of glycine monosubstituted heteropolytungstates isomer with Keggin structure βi-K6-n(HGly)n[SiW11M(H2O)O39]·xH2O (M=Co2+, Ni2+; βi=β2, β3) were synthesized and characterized by means of elementary analysis, IR, UV, TG-DTA, X-ray diffraction, polarography and CV. The results indicate that glycin combines the electrostatic effect with heteropolytungstates isomer. The heteropoly anion still remains its Keggin structure in supermolecular compounds. The electrochemical behavior of the compound in 1 mol·L-1 HAc-NaAc shows that two redox waves correspond to two two-electron processes attributing to the reduction of [SiW11Co(H2O)O39]6-. Steady-state fluorescence spectrum shows two intenser fluorescence emission peaks in 447 nm and 486 nm appeared after the supermolecular compound being excited by the excitation wavelength in 274 nm. 相似文献
49.
泡沫铅对VRLA电池负极活性物质结构及性能影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
0引言随着36V/42V汽车电源系统的提出,新一轮汽车用电池的竞争不断加剧。从目前情况看,铅酸电池由于具有成本低廉,使用可靠,原材料来源丰富,铅回收率可高达98%等优点,因此成为电动车电源最实际的选择之一[1]。但作为电动车用电池,需要克服其比能量低、充电接受能力差和负极硫酸盐化等缺点。为此各国科学家开展了大量的研究工作。最近报道用铸造多孔体作为敞口铅酸电池的集流体,它的比表面积为14cm2·cm-3,正极活性物质利用率上升到50%,远高于传统的铸造板栅[2]。在铅酸电池集流体研究领域里另一个重大进步,就是以R V C(R etic-ulated V i… 相似文献
50.
模拟透射电镜双倾台进行样品位向调整过程,推导出反映样品倾转前后其合成倾转轴(即共有菊池线对的法线)方向变化规律的计算公式,称为附加旋转角计算公式。指出,实现样品位向调整的双倾操作,等效于样品绕其合成倾转轴的倾转及该倾转轴绕Z轴(平行入射束方向)的旋转之和。利用双倾台对薄膜样品进行的系列倾转实验表明,由附加旋转角公式计算的附加旋转角和实测值相一致。还根据双倾操作过程导出了合成倾转角的计算公式,它可用于判断样品位向调整的准确度。 相似文献